Background: Aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHC) are abundant in crude oil and fuels, and are frequent contaminants of water, soil and sediments. There is potential for AHC bioremediation using sulfate as electron acceptor, due to its abundance in marine environments and natural presence in soils and groundwater. Objectives: In this work sulfate-reducing anaerobic microorganisms involved in AHC biodegradation were studied. Methods: Anaerobic sludge was incubated at 37ºC with hexadecane (1mM) and sulfate (20mM) in serum vials. Cultures were successively transferred to fresh medium until a stable enri ...